The lowest or supporting part or structure

• underpinning

  1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.
  2. A support or foundation:
  3. The human legs.

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  1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.
  2. A support or foundation:
  3. The human legs.

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• substratum

  1. An underlying layer.
  2. A layer of earth beneath the surface soil; subsoil.
  3. A foundation or groundwork.

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  1. An underlying layer.
  2. A layer of earth beneath the surface soil; subsoil.
  3. A foundation or groundwork.

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• seat

  1. Something, such as a chair or bench, that may be sat on:
  2. The part on which one rests in sitting:
  3. A place in which one may sit:

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  1. Something, such as a chair or bench, that may be sat on:
  2. The part on which one rests in sitting:
  3. A place in which one may sit:

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• groundwork

  1. A foundation; a basis.

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  1. A foundation; a basis.

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• fundament

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• foundation

  1. The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.
  2. The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.
  3. Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.

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  1. The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.
  2. The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.
  3. Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.

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• footing

  1. Secure placement of the feet in standing or moving.
  2. A surface or its condition with respect to its suitability for walking or running, especially the condition of a racetrack.
  3. A secure place for the feet; a foothold.

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  1. Secure placement of the feet in standing or moving.
  2. A surface or its condition with respect to its suitability for walking or running, especially the condition of a racetrack.
  3. A secure place for the feet; a foothold.

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• foot

  1. The lower extremity of the vertebrate leg that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking.
  2. A structure used for locomotion or attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral side of a mollusk.
  3. The lowest part; the bottom:

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  1. The lower extremity of the vertebrate leg that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking.
  2. A structure used for locomotion or attachment in an invertebrate animal, such as the muscular organ extending from the ventral side of a mollusk.
  3. The lowest part; the bottom:

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• bottom

  1. The deepest or lowest part:
  2. The part closest to a reference point:
  3. The underside:

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  1. The deepest or lowest part:
  2. The part closest to a reference point:
  3. The underside:

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• bed

  1. A piece of furniture for reclining and sleeping, typically consisting of a flat, rectangular frame and a mattress resting on springs.
  2. A bedstead.
  3. A mattress.

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  1. A piece of furniture for reclining and sleeping, typically consisting of a flat, rectangular frame and a mattress resting on springs.
  2. A bedstead.
  3. A mattress.

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• basis

  1. A foundation upon which something rests.
  2. The chief constituent; the fundamental ingredient:
  3. The fundamental principle.

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  1. A foundation upon which something rests.
  2. The chief constituent; the fundamental ingredient:
  3. The fundamental principle.

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• base

  1. The lowest or bottom part:
  2. The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.
  3. The point of attachment of such an organ.

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  1. The lowest or bottom part:
  2. The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.
  3. The point of attachment of such an organ.

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That on which something immaterial, such as an argument or a charge, rests.

• underpinning

  1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.
  2. A support or foundation:
  3. The human legs.

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  1. Material or masonry used to support a structure, such as a wall.
  2. A support or foundation:
  3. The human legs.

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• groundwork

  1. A foundation; a basis.

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  1. A foundation; a basis.

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• fundament

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• foundation

  1. The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.
  2. The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.
  3. Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.

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  1. The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.
  2. The basis on which a thing stands, is founded, or is supported.
  3. Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.

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• footing

  1. Secure placement of the feet in standing or moving.
  2. A surface or its condition with respect to its suitability for walking or running, especially the condition of a racetrack.
  3. A secure place for the feet; a foothold.

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  1. Secure placement of the feet in standing or moving.
  2. A surface or its condition with respect to its suitability for walking or running, especially the condition of a racetrack.
  3. A secure place for the feet; a foothold.

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• basis

  1. A foundation upon which something rests.
  2. The chief constituent; the fundamental ingredient:
  3. The fundamental principle.

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  1. A foundation upon which something rests.
  2. The chief constituent; the fundamental ingredient:
  3. The fundamental principle.

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• Often used in plural: base

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A basis for an action or a decision.

• spring

  1. To move upward or forward in a single quick motion or a series of such motions; leap:
  2. To move suddenly, especially because of being resilient or moved by a spring:
  3. To start doing something suddenly:

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  1. To move upward or forward in a single quick motion or a series of such motions; leap:
  2. To move suddenly, especially because of being resilient or moved by a spring:
  3. To start doing something suddenly:

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• reason

  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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• motive

  1. An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that acts as an incitement to action.
  2. A motif in art, literature, or music.
  3. Causing or able to cause motion:

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  1. An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that acts as an incitement to action.
  2. A motif in art, literature, or music.
  3. Causing or able to cause motion:

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• motivation

  1. The act or process of motivating:
  2. The state of being motivated:
  3. Something that motivates; an inducement, reason, or goal:

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  1. The act or process of motivating:
  2. The state of being motivated:
  3. Something that motivates; an inducement, reason, or goal:

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• Often used in plural: cause

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A fact or circumstance that gives logical support to an assertion, claim, or proposal.

• why

  1. For what purpose, reason, or cause; with what intention, justification, or motive:
  2. The reason, cause, or purpose for which:
  3. On account of which; for which.

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  1. For what purpose, reason, or cause; with what intention, justification, or motive:
  2. The reason, cause, or purpose for which:
  3. On account of which; for which.

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• wherefore

  1. For what purpose or reason; why.
  2. Therefore.
  3. A purpose or cause:

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  1. For what purpose or reason; why.
  2. Therefore.
  3. A purpose or cause:

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• reason

  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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• proof

  1. The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.
  2. The validation of a proposition by application of specified rules, as of induction or deduction, to assumptions, axioms, and sequentially derived conclusions.
  3. A statement or argument used in such a validation.

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  1. The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.
  2. The validation of a proposition by application of specified rules, as of induction or deduction, to assumptions, axioms, and sequentially derived conclusions.
  3. A statement or argument used in such a validation.

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• Often used in plural: argument

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That which provides a reason or justification.

• why

  1. For what purpose, reason, or cause; with what intention, justification, or motive:
  2. The reason, cause, or purpose for which:
  3. On account of which; for which.

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  1. For what purpose, reason, or cause; with what intention, justification, or motive:
  2. The reason, cause, or purpose for which:
  3. On account of which; for which.

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• wherefore

  1. For what purpose or reason; why.
  2. Therefore.
  3. A purpose or cause:

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  1. For what purpose or reason; why.
  2. Therefore.
  3. A purpose or cause:

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• reason

  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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  1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction:
  2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction:
  3. A fact or cause that explains why something exists or has occurred:

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• occasion

  1. An event or happening, or the time of an event or happening:
  2. A significant event, especially a large or important social gathering:
  3. A favorable or appropriate time or juncture:

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  1. An event or happening, or the time of an event or happening:
  2. A significant event, especially a large or important social gathering:
  3. A favorable or appropriate time or juncture:

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• necessity

  1. The condition or quality of being necessary.
  2. Something necessary:
  3. Something dictated by invariable physical laws.

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  1. The condition or quality of being necessary.
  2. Something necessary:
  3. Something dictated by invariable physical laws.

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• justification

  1. The act of justifying.
  2. The condition or fact of being justified.
  3. Something, such as a fact or circumstance, that justifies:

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  1. The act of justifying.
  2. The condition or fact of being justified.
  3. Something, such as a fact or circumstance, that justifies:

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• cause

  1. The producer of an effect, result, or consequence.
  2. The one, such as a person, event, or condition, that is responsible for an action or result.
  3. A basis for an action or response; a reason:

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  1. The producer of an effect, result, or consequence.
  2. The one, such as a person, event, or condition, that is responsible for an action or result.
  3. A basis for an action or response; a reason:

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• Often used in plural: call

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To cause to fall, as from a shot or blow

• deck

  1. A platform extending horizontally from one side of a ship to the other.
  2. A platform or surface likened to a ship's deck.
  3. A roofless, floored structure, typically with a railing, that adjoins a house.

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  1. A platform extending horizontally from one side of a ship to the other.
  2. A platform or surface likened to a ship's deck.
  3. A roofless, floored structure, typically with a railing, that adjoins a house.

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• throw

  1. To propel through the air with a motion of the hand or arm.
  2. To propel or discharge into the air by any means:
  3. To cause to move with great force or speed; propel or displace:

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  1. To propel through the air with a motion of the hand or arm.
  2. To propel or discharge into the air by any means:
  3. To cause to move with great force or speed; propel or displace:

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• strike down

  1. to cause to suddenly die
  2. to knock down
  3. to invalidate

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  1. to cause to suddenly die
  2. to knock down
  3. to invalidate

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• prostrate

  1. To put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration:
  2. To cause to lie flat:
  3. To reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome:

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  1. To put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration:
  2. To cause to lie flat:
  3. To reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome:

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• level

  1. Relative position or rank on a scale:
  2. A relative degree, as of achievement, intensity, or concentration:
  3. A natural or proper position, place, or stage:

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  1. Relative position or rank on a scale:
  2. A relative degree, as of achievement, intensity, or concentration:
  3. A natural or proper position, place, or stage:

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• knock down

  1. To hit or knock (something), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls
  2. To demolish.
  3. At an auction, to declare (something) sold with a blow from the gavel.

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  1. To hit or knock (something), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls
  2. To demolish.
  3. At an auction, to declare (something) sold with a blow from the gavel.

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• floor

  1. The surface of a room on which one stands.
  2. The lower or supporting surface of a structure.
  3. A story or level of a building.

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  1. The surface of a room on which one stands.
  2. The lower or supporting surface of a structure.
  3. A story or level of a building.

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• flatten

  1. To make flat or flatter.
  2. To knock down; lay low:
  3. To become flat or flatter.

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  1. To make flat or flatter.
  2. To knock down; lay low:
  3. To become flat or flatter.

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• fell

  1. To cause to fall by striking; cut or knock down:
  2. To kill:
  3. To sew or finish (a seam) with the raw edges flattened, turned under, and stitched down.

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  1. To cause to fall by striking; cut or knock down:
  2. To kill:
  3. To sew or finish (a seam) with the raw edges flattened, turned under, and stitched down.

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• drop

  1. The smallest quantity of liquid heavy enough to fall in a spherical mass.
  2. Liquid medicine administered in drops.
  3. A small quantity of a substance:

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  1. The smallest quantity of liquid heavy enough to fall in a spherical mass.
  2. Liquid medicine administered in drops.
  3. A small quantity of a substance:

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• down

  1. From a higher to a lower place or position:
  2. Toward, to, or on the ground, floor, or bottom:
  3. Downstairs:

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  1. From a higher to a lower place or position:
  2. Toward, to, or on the ground, floor, or bottom:
  3. Downstairs:

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• cut down

  1. Used other than as an idiom: see cut,"Ž down.
  2. To bring down by cutting.
  3. (idiomatic) To insult, to belittle.

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  1. Used other than as an idiom: see cut,"Ž down.
  2. To bring down by cutting.
  3. (idiomatic) To insult, to belittle.

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• bring down

  1. To make a legitimate rulership lose their position of power.
  2. To reduce
  3. To make something, especially something flying, fall to the ground. Usually by firing a weapon of some kind.

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  1. To make a legitimate rulership lose their position of power.
  2. To reduce
  3. To make something, especially something flying, fall to the ground. Usually by firing a weapon of some kind.

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To provide a basis for

• underpin

  1. To support from below, as with props, girders, or masonry.
  2. To give support or substance to:

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  1. To support from below, as with props, girders, or masonry.
  2. To give support or substance to:

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• root

  1. The usually underground portion of a plant that lacks buds, leaves, or nodes and serves as support, draws minerals and water from the surrounding soil, and sometimes stores food.
  2. Any of various other underground plant parts, especially an underground stem such as a rhizome, corm, or tuber.
  3. The embedded part of an organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nerve, that serves as a base or support.

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  1. The usually underground portion of a plant that lacks buds, leaves, or nodes and serves as support, draws minerals and water from the surrounding soil, and sometimes stores food.
  2. Any of various other underground plant parts, especially an underground stem such as a rhizome, corm, or tuber.
  3. The embedded part of an organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nerve, that serves as a base or support.

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• rest

  1. A period of inactivity, relaxation, or sleep:
  2. Sleep or the refreshment resulting from inactivity or sleep:
  3. The repose of death:

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  1. A period of inactivity, relaxation, or sleep:
  2. Sleep or the refreshment resulting from inactivity or sleep:
  3. The repose of death:

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• predicate

  1. To base or establish (a statement or action, for example):
  2. To state or affirm as an attribute or quality of something:
  3. To carry the connotation of; imply.

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  1. To base or establish (a statement or action, for example):
  2. To state or affirm as an attribute or quality of something:
  3. To carry the connotation of; imply.

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• found

  1. To establish or set up, especially with provision for continuing existence:
  2. To establish the foundation or basis of; base:

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  1. To establish or set up, especially with provision for continuing existence:
  2. To establish the foundation or basis of; base:

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• establish

  1. To cause (an institution, for example) to come into existence or begin operating; found; set up.
  2. To bring about; generate or effect:
  3. To place or settle in a secure position or condition:

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  1. To cause (an institution, for example) to come into existence or begin operating; found; set up.
  2. To bring about; generate or effect:
  3. To place or settle in a secure position or condition:

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• build

  1. To form by combining materials or parts; construct.
  2. To order, finance, or supervise the construction of:
  3. To develop or give form to according to a plan or process; create:

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  1. To form by combining materials or parts; construct.
  2. To order, finance, or supervise the construction of:
  3. To develop or give form to according to a plan or process; create:

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• base

  1. The lowest or bottom part:
  2. The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.
  3. The point of attachment of such an organ.

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  1. The lowest or bottom part:
  2. The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.
  3. The point of attachment of such an organ.

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Soil

• soil

  1. The top layer of the earth's surface in which plants can grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decayed organic matter and having the capability of retaining water.
  2. A particular kind of earth or ground:
  3. Country; land:

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  1. The top layer of the earth's surface in which plants can grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decayed organic matter and having the capability of retaining water.
  2. A particular kind of earth or ground:
  3. Country; land:

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• dirt

  1. Earth or soil.
  2. A filthy or soiling substance, such as mud or dust.
  3. Excrement.

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  1. Earth or soil.
  2. A filthy or soiling substance, such as mud or dust.
  3. Excrement.

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• sand

  1. Small loose grains of worn or disintegrated rock.
  2. A sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter.
  3. A tract of land covered with sand, as a beach or desert.

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  1. Small loose grains of worn or disintegrated rock.
  2. A sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter.
  3. A tract of land covered with sand, as a beach or desert.

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An area

• territory

  1. An area of land; a region.
  2. The land and waters under the jurisdiction of a government.
  3. A political subdivision of a country.

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  1. An area of land; a region.
  2. The land and waters under the jurisdiction of a government.
  3. A political subdivision of a country.

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• terrain

  1. An area of land; ground:
  2. A particular geographic area; a region:
  3. The surface features of an area of land; topography:

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  1. An area of land; ground:
  2. A particular geographic area; a region:
  3. The surface features of an area of land; topography:

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• spot

  1. A mark on a surface differing sharply in color from its surroundings.
  2. A blemish, mark, or pimple on the skin.
  3. A stain or blot.

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  1. A mark on a surface differing sharply in color from its surroundings.
  2. A blemish, mark, or pimple on the skin.
  3. A stain or blot.

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To bring to the ground

• prostrate

  1. To put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration:
  2. To cause to lie flat:
  3. To reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome:

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  1. To put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration:
  2. To cause to lie flat:
  3. To reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome:

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• bring down

  1. To make a legitimate rulership lose their position of power.
  2. To reduce
  3. To make something, especially something flying, fall to the ground. Usually by firing a weapon of some kind.

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  1. To make a legitimate rulership lose their position of power.
  2. To reduce
  3. To make something, especially something flying, fall to the ground. Usually by firing a weapon of some kind.

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• floor

  1. The surface of a room on which one stands.
  2. The lower or supporting surface of a structure.
  3. A story or level of a building.

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  1. The surface of a room on which one stands.
  2. The lower or supporting surface of a structure.
  3. A story or level of a building.

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To restrict

• confine to one's home

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• prevent from driving

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• take wings away

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• bar from flying

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• cause to remain on the ground

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To instruct in essentials

• educate

  1. To develop the mental, moral, or social capabilities of, especially by schooling or instruction.
  2. To provide with knowledge or training in a particular area or for a particular purpose:
  3. To provide with information, as in an effort to gain support for a position or to influence behavior:

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  1. To develop the mental, moral, or social capabilities of, especially by schooling or instruction.
  2. To provide with knowledge or training in a particular area or for a particular purpose:
  3. To provide with information, as in an effort to gain support for a position or to influence behavior:

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• indoctrinate

  1. To instruct in a body of doctrine or principles.
  2. To imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view:

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  1. To instruct in a body of doctrine or principles.
  2. To imbue with a partisan or ideological point of view:

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• train

  1. A series of connected railroad cars pulled or pushed by one or more locomotives.
  2. A long line of moving people, animals, or vehicles.
  3. The personnel, vehicles, and equipment following and providing supplies and services to a combat unit.

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  1. A series of connected railroad cars pulled or pushed by one or more locomotives.
  2. A long line of moving people, animals, or vehicles.
  3. The personnel, vehicles, and equipment following and providing supplies and services to a combat unit.

  • Go to "train" definitions