To make less pervious
steel, temper, anneal, solidify, mineralize, vitrify, precipitate, hornify, cornify, crystallize, freeze, amalgamate, coagulate, clot, granulate, make callous, make firm, make compact, make tight, make hard, convert to stone, congeal, ossify, petrify, starch, cure, bake, dry, flatten, cement, compact, consolidate, concentrate, sun, fire, fossilize, desiccate, braze, vulcanize, Harveyize, callous, incrassate, indurate, deposit, candy, toughen, fix, concrete, inspissate, encrust, lapidify; see also compress, press 1, stiffen 2, thicken 2.
Antonyms soften*, unloose, melt.
To become less penetrable
solidify, congeal, jell, become dense, fix, settle, become fast, petrify, ossify, freeze over, fossilize, clot, cake, set, firm, curdle, coagulate, close, contract; see also freeze 1, stiffen 1, thicken 1.
Antonyms liquefy, thaw*, soften.
To toughen
acclimate, acclimatize, indurate, habituate, inure, season, make callous, make unfeeling, make obdurate, discipline, accustom, train, coarsen, roughen, sear, embitter, develop, strengthen, brutalize, render insensitive, render insensible, render unimpressible, blunt, dull, envenom, numb, stupefy, benumb, stun, paralyze, steel; see also deaden 1, stiffen 2, teach 2.
Antonyms weaken*, debilitate, soften.