In 1243 a new pope, Innocent IV., was elected, who prosecuted the war with still bitterer spirit.
The affairs of Europe during the years when Habsburg and Bourbon fought their domestic battles with the blood of noble races may teach grave lessons to all thoughtful men of our days, but none bitterer, none fraught with more insulting recollections, than to the Italian people, who were haggled over like dumb driven cattle in the mart of chaffering kings.
A virgin martyr who is threatened with loss of honour as a bitterer punishment than loss of life offers points as powerful as they are perilous.
A quick surge of ill-feeling, all the bitterer on account of the divided sentiments of the people, chilled loyalty to the Union.