Another word for grinding

A grinding noise jerked her attention back to the car.

steel used for cutting as distinguished from grinding, seems to owe its hardness.

Her knees hit the floor with a grinding jolt, and the fox seized the opportunity.

Both the grinding and polishing tools are grooved, to obtain a uniform distribution of the emery used in the grinding process and of the rouge employed in polishing, as also to provide for the lateral expansion of the pitch with which the polisher is coated.

His teeth were grinding loudly enough for her to hear, and his face was ashen and drawn in a look of pain.  He couldn't answer – that much she discerned at the rippling muscles of his clenched jaw.