Though the son of a poor joiner, he received a good education in the Oratorian colleges of Tournon and Lyons.

No medullary rays are visible; the wood is straight in the grain, durable, strong and elastic, easy to work, and is used by the carpenter for internal and external constructional work, and by the joiner for his fittings.

Immense quantities are still exported, especially from Canada, its smooth easily-worked grain rendering it a favourite wood for the housecarpenter and joiner; it weighs about 28 lb per cubic foot.

biveau, a joiner's instrument), the inclination of one surface of a solid body to another; also, any angle othef than a right angle, and particularly, in joinery, the angle to which a piece of timber has to be cut.

apprentice joiner.