The intervertebral joints are further complicated by the interposition of a cartilaginous or fibrous pad or ring.

serially homologous with the intervertebral pads.

either to the vertebra anterior (procoelous type) or posterior (opisthocoelous type) to it, if not remaining as an independent, intervertebral, ossified sphere, as we sometimes find in specimens of Pelobatidae.

discructure of intervertebral disk & what happened with age & in degeneration 65, Shown a drawing of the ulna bursa in the hand.

explant culture system for studying human intervertebral disk tissue in a controlled environment.