Serial measurements were made for various cytokines using specific enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA ).
David is well known for his expertise in using gene targeted macrophages to deliver cytokines to inflamed sites to provide in vivo biosensors.
The production of specific cytokines was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the result noted as either presence or absence of message.
The LPS also interacts unusually with the cationic cyclic peptide polymyxin (PMB) to enhance rather than suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines (1 ).
These cytokines induce gene rearrangements culminating in class switching.