Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)
But it was easily repulsed by Ventidius Bassus, the lieutenant of Mark Antony.
To this policy of dependence upon Rome Antipater adhered, and he succeeded in commending himself to Mark Antony and Caesar in turn.
Transalpine Gaul is removed from Mark Antony and given to Octavian.
Its political position between 64 and 41 B.C., when Mark Antony became master of the East, is not quite certain.
But Herod held his ground as governor of Coele-Syria and retained the favour of Cassius and Mark Antony in turn, despite the complaints of the Jewish nobility.