Its political position between 64 and 41 B.C., when Mark Antony became master of the East, is not quite certain.

Brutus against Mark Antony for four months.

and of his wife Cleopatra Selene, daughter of Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, and Mark Antony.

But Herod held his ground as governor of Coele-Syria and retained the favour of Cassius and Mark Antony in turn, despite the complaints of the Jewish nobility.

In 34 B.C. (for example) or earlier, Mark Antony gave Cleopatra the whole of Phoenicia and the coast of the Philistines south of Eleuthesus, with the exception only of Tyre and Sidon, part of the Arabian territory and the district of Jericho.