A simple sparkler reaches a temperature of up to 2000 degrees centigrade.
The imperfections of the thermopile, with which he began his work, led him, about 1880, to the invention of the bolometer, an instrument of extraordinary delicacy, which in its most refined form is believed to be capable of detecting a change of temperature amounting to less than one-hundred-millionth of a degree Centigrade.
The temperature of maximum density of sea-water of any specific gravity was found by Knudsen to be given with sufficient accuracy for all practical purposes by the formula 0 = 3.950.2660 -0, where 0 is the temperature of maximum density in degrees centigrade.
The decorated wares are finally fired to 1300 centigrade in a reducing atmosphere to produce distinctive flowing colors.
The glass pieces are melted to 1400 degrees centigrade before pouring into the molds.