From the third millenium onward, private creditors waged a struggle to obtain the land's crop usufruct at the expense of the palace.
Proprietors cannot sell the property without full consent of the usufruct holders while they are still alive.
Having no sea-coast, Bolivia has no seaport except what may be granted in usufruct by Chile.
He gave up his personal right of distributing the fiefs and honors which were the price of adherence, and thus lost for the Carolingians the free disposal of the immense territories they had gradually usurped; they retained the over-lordship, it is true, but this over-lordship, without usufruct and without choice of tenant, was but a barren possession.
Many Aymara were dependents of these estates, exchanging labor or crops for usufruct rights to arable lands.